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WCAG/1-perceivable/1.4.6-contrast-enhanced.md
2025-12-23 21:04:52 -05:00

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1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced)

  • Level: AAA
  • Guideline: 1.4 Distinguishable
  • Principle: 1 Perceivable

What it is

The visual presentation of text and images of text has a contrast ratio of at least 7:1, except for the following:

  • Large Text: Large-scale text and images of large-scale text have a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1;
  • Incidental: Text or images of text that are part of an inactive user interface component, that are pure decoration, that are not visible to anyone, or that are part of a picture that contains significant other visual content, have no contrast requirement.
  • Logotypes: Text that is part of a logo or brand name has no contrast requirement.

How to test

  • Check: Large-scale text and images of large-scale text have a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1;
  • Check: Text or images of text that are part of an inactive user interface component, that are pure decoration, that are not visible to anyone, or that are part of a picture that contains significant other visual content, have no contrast requirement.
  • Check: Text that is part of a logo or brand name has no contrast requirement.
  • Use the sufficient techniques below as acceptable methods when applicable.
  • Confirm none of the common failures apply.

Sufficient techniques (W3C)

  • G17: Ensuring that a contrast ratio of at least 7:1 exists between text (and images of text) and background behind the text
  • G148: Not specifying background color, not specifying text color, and not using technology features that change those defaults
  • G174: Providing a control with a sufficient contrast ratio that allows users to switch to a presentation that uses sufficient contrast
  • G18: Ensuring that a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 exists between text (and images of text) and background behind the text

Advisory techniques (W3C)

  • G156: Using a technology that has commonly-available user agents that can change the foreground and background of blocks of text

Common failures (W3C)

  • F24: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.3, 1.4.6 and 1.4.8 due to specifying foreground colors without specifying background colors or vice versa
  • F83: Failure of Success Criterion 1.4.3 and 1.4.6 due to using background images that do not provide sufficient contrast with foreground text (or images of text)

Resources

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