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WCAG/3-understandable/3.3.9-accessible-authentication-enhanced.md
2025-12-23 21:04:52 -05:00

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3.3.9 Accessible Authentication (Enhanced)

  • Level: AAA
  • Guideline: 3.3 Input Assistance
  • Principle: 3 Understandable

What it is

A cognitive function test (such as remembering a password or solving a puzzle) is not required for any step in an authentication process unless that step provides at least one of the following:

  • Alternative: Another authentication method that does not rely on a cognitive function test.
  • Mechanism: A mechanism is available to assist the user in completing the cognitive function test.

How to test

  • Check: Another authentication method that does not rely on a cognitive function test.
  • Check: A mechanism is available to assist the user in completing the cognitive function test.
  • Use the sufficient techniques below as acceptable methods when applicable.
  • Confirm none of the common failures apply.

Sufficient techniques (W3C)

  • G218: Email link authentication
  • H100: Providing properly marked up email and password inputs
  • Providing WebAuthn as an alternative to username/password (Potential future technique)
  • Providing a third-party login using OAuth (Potential future technique)
  • Using two techniques to provide two-factor authentication (Potential future technique)

Common failures (W3C)

  • F109: Failure of Success Criterion 3.3.8 and 3.3.9 due to preventing password or code re-entry in the same format

Resources

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